How long does it take for the finish you put on to dry? Does it have a bad odor?

Finishes vary in dry time from oil based to water based. While water based finishes dry in just 2 hours versus 8 hours for oil base, the cure time (time a floor needs to attain its full strength) for water based finishes is 7 days while oil based finishes are 30 days for full cure.

Is there a product you can put on the floor that will make my floor hold up better against pets' claws?

Unfortunately the finish coat is only as strong as the wood it is applied to. Pets tend to crush the floor with their nails and remove the finish that way. Best to try and keep pets' nails clipped and use area rugs for them to gravitate to.

How long will my floor last?

The life of a newly refinished floor will depend on a few things. How much traffic. How well you keep it clean and whether or not you do a maintenance coat from time to time. Some areas will wear faster than others like front door entry, coming out of wet areas like bath rooms and kitchen. If you keep your eye on these factors and have a maintenance coat applied when needed your floor can last your lifetime.